Here, you can find some modest information about the Norse gods, their artifacts, beasts, and runes. I’ve also attached links to more detailed sources.

The Gods:

Odin: The one-eyed High God of the Aesir and father to many. He sacrificed his eye to Mimir's Well for wisdom and hung from the world tree Yggdrasil for nine nights to discover the Runes, which he gifted to humanity.

Tyr: The virtuous God of War who sacrificed his hand to the wolf Fenrir so the beast could be bound by the magical ribbon Gleipnir.

Heimdall: The far-sighted and sharp-eared son of nine mothers. Known as the "Whitest of the Gods," he guards Bifrost and will sound the Gjallarhorn at the start of Ragnarök.

Thor: Son of Odin and protector of mankind. The red-bearded God of Thunder and fertility, he wields the short-handled hammer Mjölnir. A piece of a whetstone remains lodged in his forehead after his duel with the giant Hrungnir. He is destined to fall in battle against the Midgard Serpent, Jörmungandr.

Vidar & Vali: Sons of Odin and gods of vengeance. Vali avenges Baldr by killing Hödr (and binding Loki), while Vidar avenges Odin by slaying Fenrir. Vidar is one of the few to survive and rule after Ragnarök.

Baldr: The most beautiful and beloved of the gods, associated with light and joy. He was killed by a mistletoe projectile orchestrated by Loki and must remain in Hel until the end of Ragnarök.

Hödr: The blind god who accidentally kills his brother Baldr. He is slain by Vali but will return from Hel alongside Baldr to live in harmony after the world is reborn.

Ullr: An ancient God of archery, hunting, and skiing. He is a sorcerer who, according to legend, could cross the seas using a magical bone (skate/sledge).

Loki: The trickster god and blood-brother of Odin. He represents chaos rather than pure evil. His schemes often cause trouble for the gods, but his cunning also provides them with their greatest treasures.

Freyr: Brother of Freyja and ruler of Alfheim. A Vanir god of fertility and prosperity, he owns the golden-bristled boar Gullinbursti. He famously gave up his magic sword to win the hand of the giantess Gerðr.

Njord: God of the sea and winds, father of Freyr and Freyja. He belongs to the Vanir tribe. He is often linked to the ancient Germanic goddess Nerthus, who may have been his sister-wife.

Ægir: A personification of the sea. Husband to Rán; together they had nine daughters who represent the waves.

Magni & Móði: The sons of Thor who inherit Mjölnir after Ragnarök.

The Goddesses:

Frigg: Odin’s wife and Queen of the Aesir. Goddess of motherhood, marriage, and the household. She is a seer who knows the fate of all but speaks it not.

Freyja: The Vanir goddess of love, sex, and war. She is the most beautiful goddess and owns the necklace Brísingamen. She cried tears of red gold (amber) when her husband Óðr went missing.

Skadi: A mountain giantess and goddess of skiing/winter. She married Njord as compensation for her father's death, choosing him by his feet (thinking they were Baldr’s). The marriage failed because she hated the sea and he hated the mountains.

Sif: Thor’s wife, known for her magnificent golden hair. After Loki shaved her head as a prank, he was forced to have the dwarves forge new hair from real gold that grew like natural hair.

Þrúðr (Thrud): The daughter of Thor and Sif. Her name means "Strength," and she is sometimes identified as a Valkyrie.

Rán: The goddess of the sea depths. She uses a net to capture sailors and drag them down to her underwater halls.

Magical Items:

Mjölnir: Thor’s hammer. The ultimate symbol of Asgard’s protection. It always returns to the owner’s hand and can change size, becoming small enough to hide inside a shirt.

Gungnir: Odin’s spear. Crafted by the sons of Ivaldi, it is enchanted to never miss its mark and to pierce through any shield or enchantment.

Freyr’s Sword: A magical blade capable of fighting on its own. Freyr surrendered it to the messenger Skirnir to win the hand of the giantess Gerðr. Because of this, he is destined to fall at Ragnarök, as he will be weaponless against the fire-giant Surtr.

Höfuð (Head): The sword of Heimdall, the guardian of Bifröst. Its name literally translates to "Head."

Gram: The sword of the hero Sigurd (Siegfried), used to slay the dragon Fafnir. It was so sharp it could slice an anvil in half without dulling.

Draupnir: Odin’s golden ring. Every ninth night, eight other rings of equal weight "drop" from it. It is a symbol of inexhaustible wealth and the fertility of the earth.

Brísingamen: Freyja’s necklace. The most beautiful piece of jewelry in the world. It was forged by four dwarves (Alfrigg, Dvalinn, Berling, and Grerr), and Freyja paid for it by spending one night with each craftsman.

The Apples of Idunn: Golden fruits that maintain the gods' eternal youth. Without them, the Aesir begin to age rapidly and wither.

Skíðblaðnir: Freyr’s ship. It always catches a favorable wind, is large enough to carry all the hosts of Asgard, yet can be folded like a cloth and placed in a pocket.

Hliðskjálf: Odin’s high throne. Sitting upon it, the All-Father can see everything happening across all Nine Worlds.

Megingjörð: Thor’s belt of strength. When he puts it on, his divine power is doubled.

Járngreipr: Thor’s iron gauntlets. He requires them to safely handle and catch the white-hot (or powerful) Mjölnir.

Falcon Cloak (Fjaðrhamr): A magical cloak belonging to Freyja (sometimes lent to Loki) that allows the wearer to transform into a falcon and fly between worlds.

Ægishjálmr (The Helm of Awe): A magical symbol and physical helmet that strikes paralyzing terror into the hearts of enemies. It was part of Fafnir the dragon’s hoard.

Gleipnir: The magical fetter used to bind the wolf Fenrir. Though it looks like a silken ribbon, it is made of impossible things: the sound of a cat’s footfall, the beard of a woman, the roots of a mountain, and the breath of a fish.

Gjallarhorn: Heimdall’s horn. Its blast will be heard in all worlds to signal the beginning of Ragnarök.

Naglfar: A ship made entirely from the unshorn nails of the dead. It will carry the army of giants to the final battle.

Beasts:

Gullinbursti: Freyr’s golden boar. It runs faster than any horse, and its bristles glow so brightly they can illuminate the darkest night.

Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr: The two goats that pull Thor’s chariot. Thor can cook and eat them for dinner, and as long as the bones remain unbroken, he can resurrect them the next morning with his hammer.

Sleipnir: Odin’s eight-legged stallion, the fastest of all horses, born of Loki.

Huginn and Muninn: Odin’s two ravens, representing Thought and Memory. They fly across the world and report back everything they see.

Ratatoskr: The squirrel that runs up and down the trunk of Yggdrasil, carrying insults and messages between the eagle at the top and the serpent at the bottom.

Eikthyrnir: A stag that stands atop Valhalla. From its antlers, water drips down to provide the source for all the world's rivers.

Jörmungandr: The Midgard Serpent, a child of Loki. It lives in the ocean, encircling the world and biting its own tail.

Fafnir: A dwarf who turned into a greedy dragon to guard his hoard; he was eventually slain by the hero Sigurd.

Fenrir: The monstrous wolf (also a child of Loki) who will break the magical chain Gleipnir and swallow Odin during Ragnarök.

Níðhöggr: A dragon that gnaws at the deepest root of Yggdrasil in Niflheim, feeding on the corpses of the deceased.

Hræsvelgr: A giant in the form of an eagle who sits at the edge of the world; the beating of his wings creates the winds.

Veðrfölnir: A hawk that sits between the eyes of the unnamed eagle atop Yggdrasil.

The Four Stags (Dáinn, Dvalinn, Duneyrr, and Duraþrór): Four deer that graze on the leaves of the World Tree.

Skinfaxi and Hrímfaxi: The horses of Day (Dagur) and Night (Nótt). Skinfaxi’s mane lights up the sky, while the dew on the ground comes from the foam on Hrímfaxi’s bit.

Sköll and Hati: Two wolves that endlessly chase the Sun (Sól) and the Moon (Máni) across the sky. They will finally catch their prey at Ragnarök.

Árvakr and Alsviðr: The two horses that pull the chariot of the Sun.

Gullinkambi: The "Golden Comb," a rooster that lives in Valhalla. Its crowing wakes the Einherjar (fallen warriors) every morning and will signal the start of Ragnarök.

Heiðrún: The goat that stands on the roof of Valhalla, eating the leaves of the tree Læraðr. Instead of milk, she produces an endless supply of mead for the warriors.

Hildisvíni: The "Battle-Boar" of the goddess Freyja. It is actually her protégé, Ottar, in disguise.

Freyja’s Cats: Large grey cats that pull her chariot. While not named in the Eddas, they are often depicted as Norwegian Forest Cats or lynxes.

Garmr: The blood-stained hound that guards the entrance to the underworld, Hel. He and the god Tyr are destined to kill each other during Ragnarök.

Runes: A Scientific Overview

Runes are a family of related alphabets used by Germanic peoples from the 2nd to the 15th centuries AD. Unlike the Latin alphabet used for parchment, runes were specifically designed for epigraphy—carving into hard surfaces like stone, wood, bone, and metal. Their angular shapes avoid horizontal strokes to prevent splitting the grain of the wood.

1. Elder Futhark: The oldest form (2nd to 8th c.). 24 characters divided into three groups of eight (ættir).

2. Younger Futhark: The Viking Age script (from 8th c.). Reduced from 24 to only 16 runes despite the language becoming more complex.

3. History vs Magic:. The primary use of runes was communication and labeling. Most inscriptions found follow a standard formula for memorials or ownership. Runes' use in magic is uncertain and unknown with a little of evidence.

1. Later Development: By the 11th century, runes were modified with "dotted runes" to compete with the Latin alphabet.

Useful links: